Physical Chemical testing
OECD 101 UV-VIS Absorption Spectra
Guidelines and literature:
IOECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 101, “UV-VIS Absorption Spectra” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 101 UV-VIS Absorption Spectra
Guidelines and literature:
IOECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 101, “UV-VIS Absorption Spectra” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 102 Melting Point/ Melting Range
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 102, “Melting Point/ Melting Range” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 103 Boiling Point
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 103, “Boiling Point” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 104 Vapour Pressure (Effusion method: Knudsen cell)
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 104, “Vapour Pressure” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 105 Water Solubility: flask and column elution methods
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 105, “Water Solubility” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 106 Adsorption -- Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 106, “Adsorption — Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 107 Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 107, “Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 109 Density of Liquids and Solids
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 109, “Density of Liquids and Solids” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 111 Hydrolysis as a Function of pH
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 111, “Hydrolysis as a Function of pH” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 112 Dissociation Constants in Water
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 111, “Dissociation Constants in Water” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 114 Viscosity of Liquids
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 114, “Viscosity of Liquids” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 115 Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 115, “Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 117 Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 107, “Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 121 Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc ) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 121, “Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc ) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 122 Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 122, “Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
OECD 123 Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring Method
Guidelines and literature:
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, No. 123, “Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring Method” (link: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
Flash point
Guidelines and literature:
ASTM D7094-17 “Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester” (link: https://www.astm.org/d7094-
UN (United Nations) Methods: Flammability, Pyrophoric, Explosive, Oxidizing and Self-heating substances
UN methods are required according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and to the Global Harmonised System (GHS) for the Classification and Labelling as well as for the Transport of Chemicals.
The most frequented UN methods:
– UN N.1 Test method for readily combustible solids
– UN N.2 Test method for pyrophoric solids
– UN N.3 Test method for pyrophoric liquids
– UN N.4 Test method for self-heating substances
– UN O.1 Test for oxidizing solids
– UN O.2 Test for oxidizing liquids
– UN CLASS 3 Classification procedures, test methods and criteria relating to liquid desensitized explosives and flammable liquids of class 3
Guidelines and literature:UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Manual of Tests and Criteria (Fifth revised ed.), New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2009 (link: https://unece.org/DAM/trans/danger/publi/manual/Rev5/English/ST-SG-AC10-11-Rev5-EN.pdf)
Appearance
The goal of this study is to evaluate the colour, physical state and odour. Data on the physical characteristics of the test materials are used to confirm or provide supportive information on their identity.
Guidelines and literature:UN
– Color, according to the OPPTS 830.6302 Link: https://www.regulations.gov/
– Physical State, according to the OPPTS 830.6303 Link: https://www.regulations.gov/
– Odor, according to the OPPTS 830.6304 Link: https://www.regulations.gov/
IR spectrum
The purpose of this study to determine functional groups in molecules. IR Spectroscopy (infrared spectrum refers to the range of wavelengths where the absorption of radiation is associated with vibrational transitions in molecules) measures the vibrations of atoms, and based on this it is possible to determine the functional groups.
Auto-ignition temperature for liquids and relative self-ignition temperature for solids
The purpose of the Auto-ignition temperature study, that determinates the temperature where the test item spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition such as a flame or spark.
The purpose of the self-ignition temperature study, provides preliminary information on the auto-flammability of substances at elevated temperatures.
Guidelines and literature:
DIN 51794: 2003-05: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons – Determination of ignition temperature
Storage Stability
The purpose of these studies is to evaluate the storage properties of a product as well as to identify suitable packaging materials. From the data obtained under these controlled conditions, a prediction of minimum storage stability under proper storage and handling conditions can be made.
Guidelines and literature:
GIFAP* (International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products): Technical Monograph n°17, 2nd Edition
Remark:
*: GIFAP has changed its name into the Global Crop Protection Federation (GCPF).
CIPAC-Methods
The CIPAC methods (Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council) are very important for the authorization and registration of agrochemicals and are internationally recognized. Based on the formulation of the product, we can provide the required method of analysis for your needs.
The most selected CIPAC methods:
– CIPAC MT 30 (Handbook F) Water content, Karl Fisher method
– CIPAC MT 41 (Handbook F) Dilution stability of herbicide aqueous solutions
– CIPAC MT 47 (Handbook F) Persistent foaming
– CIPAC MT 148 (Handbook F) Pourability of suspension concentrates
– CIPAC MT 161 (Handbook F) Suspensibility of aqueous suspension concentrates
– CIPAC MT 170 (Handbook F) Dry sieve analysis of water dispersible granules
– CIPAC MT 180 (Handbook H) Dispersion Stability of Suspo-Emulsions
– CIPAC MT 185 (Handbook K) Wet sieve test
– CIPAC MT 193 (Handbook O) Friability, Attrition of Tablets
– CIPAC MT 197 (Handbook O) Disintegration of Tablets
Guidelines and literature:
CIPAC (Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council) Link: https://www.cipac.org/
5-batch analysis
The authority requires the analysis of five or more production batches of the chemical. This process confirms the level of Active Ingredient in the product, as well as identifies and quantifies any impurities. Regulations require a minimum of 98% of the technical material to be quantified and include data on all components present as active ingredients, inactive and active isomers, impurities, and additives at levels of more than 0.1%. Analysis is normally performed to GLP standards where each amount of active ingredient is tested and any impurities above a set level are identified and quantified.
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